June 21, 2008
Property Index sell a range of villas and apartments, take a look at their site if you are looking for overseas property investment, click here to view the properties.
Notwithstanding the fact that PropertyIndex.com is actually a pretty young concern, doing business only since March 2007, they have swiftly become experts. They are a extraordinarily down to earth concern specializing in offering guidance to essentially anyone expecting to let, sell, rent or buy property across the world. They’re guaranteed to assist you hit upon exactly what you require very quickly and, naturally, straightforwardly. Property can be bought in many parts of the world nowadays, undoubtedly the most fashionable area being real estate available for sale in Spain. It’s easy to list the fun property on the market in Spain, the motivation for hunting for property here is real property on the market and the glorious option of spending your life right amid such a optimistic populace.
It’s one of the truly well-liked property markets nowadays, and in view of the lovely landscape and the agreeable sunshine surrounding you here, how could you ever say no! Property in Spain is steeped in history, art and culture, this country has always been home to a fair number of nations. Just 25 years ago there’d be just a trickle of English people keen on property in Spain. Ask any individual who has chosen to remove to Spain and they’ll tell you the same thing. There are those who would prefer to view it as a simple trend and others prefer to view it as a close to a compulsion. People intending to move over here range from young freshly weds looking for some new challenge in life to elderly clients looking to loosen up.
Note that there could be catches when attempting to purchase property abroad - you’ll learn that there are 100s of actions when organising, paying a visit or signing the documents. If you miss out on but a single action this will generate overwhelming catches and, more important, money loss. Obviously, as can be anticipated with this sought after destination, property could well be dear in this area and that’s absolutely caused by the steep market demand. In spite of this the customer truly is pretty much spoilt in such an area full of shiny terrain and marvelous scenery. It’s certainly got the lot a real estate buyer could yearn for, and plenty more.
Comments Off
May 22, 2008
Escrow - The Insurance for Angels By William Cate
Anyone who invests in any speculative venture that lacks a
business plan will lose his money. After carefully reading the
company’s business plan, anyone who doesn’t demand structural
changes in the offer will probably lose all of his money. One of
the essential structural changes in the business plan should be
that the investor’s money is escrowed until the company raises
the needed funds.
One Investor To The Next
Many startup company promoters live from one investor to the
next. In essence the first investor pays the costs of finding
the second investor and so on. At no time is it possible to
implement the company’s business plan because the company will
never have the money to fund it. Let’s assume that the business
plan requires $2 million to fund. The promoter can only find two
investors a year to risk money in the venture. Without the
escrow clause, the promoter can live off the $200,000/year
employed finding the needed two investors for the following
year. In 10 years, the promoter has raised the two million
dollars and may have $10,000 in the bank for the project. Of
course, the promoter has lived well on the investors’ money for
the decade, but the investors have nothing for their money.
Escrowing your risk capital ensures that the promoter isn’t
living off of it. Also, it tends to encourage the promoter to
find the needed investors quickly, since he or she can’t access
the money without raising all the needed funds.
A Simple Escrow Agreement
This type of escrow agreement is simple. Your money and that of
other investors can’t be released until the Escrow Account has
the specified funding required by the company’s business plan.
The Escrow Agreement has a fixed date upon which the Escrow will
end. It’s usually a year or two after the Escrow account is
setup. On that date, you and any other investors will get your
principle refunded in full if the account hasn’t reached its
funding goal.
Total Loss Protection
There is a second escrow agreement that will protect you against
a total loss of your risk capital should the company’s business
plan start to falter. The basic claim in any well-written
business plan is that the company will do this and something
positive will result. Then, the company will do the next thing
and something positive will result. There should be at least
five of these phased events outlined in a good business plan.
A wise investment group uses an Escrow Agreement to tie their
funding of the company to the projected positive results in the
company’s business plan. The business plan states that it will
take X dollars to achieve the results projected in Phase 1 of
the business plan. Once the money is raised, the escrow agent
releases to the company the funds required to achieve Phase 1.
Assuming Phase 1 results are as expected, the Escrow Agent
releases the money for Phase 2 and so on until the money is
expended and the Startup Company becomes operational. If the
promoter fails to achieve any phase, the investors can either
terminate the funding agreement or decide to go forward. This
escrow formula gives the investors insurance against a potential
total loss of their risk capital.
Choose Your Escrow Agent Carefully
Who should be your Escrow Agent? Usually licensed attorneys and
Certified Public Accountants are your most cost-effective
solutions. Be certain that the Escrow Agent has Errors &
Omission Insurance. It protects you against an Escrow Agent
mistake. Banks also usually offer escrow services, but at rates
that are often prohibitive.
If you give your money away without insurance, don’t expect to
get any of it returned to you.
Comments Off
May 12, 2008
Wealth. Does that sound like a foreign word to you? If you’re saddled with loads of consumer debt the way so many Americans are, it is probably a very unfamiliar word. Commercial and consumer debts are the greatest barriers to wealth. And when you’re suffocated by thousands of dollars of debt, it may seem impossible to get out.
There’s good news! It’s not impossible to eliminate your debt and move toward wealth. Most people and small businesses simply don’t have a system for paying off their debt, and as a result they perpetuate bad habits and remain stuck in it. By using the proper debt management system, you can get out of debt quicker than you probably imagined with minimal change to your existing lifestyle.
To top it off, there is a system you can use that will allow you to simultaneously create and feed the Wealth Cycle, a cycle of wealth millionaires use to consistently and exponentially build their wealth. In other words, you can simultaneously become wealthy and repay your debt.
Skeptical? You bet. But, you’ll be surprised at how easy this is.
So what’s the best way to abolish consumer debt? Many financial advisors will tell you to scrimp, save and cut back on absolutely everything that makes life fun. They’ll tell you to create a very tight budget and then pay off your debt before you can even think about making investments of any type.
Sounds a lot like a diet, one that will cause you to starve yourself and your children, depriving them of wealth.
So what does work?
To tackle consumer debt, Loral’s five-step debt strategy includes the following steps (explained in considerable detail in her book, The Millionaire Maker):
- Create a debt elimination box
- Calculate a factoring number
- Make a priority payoff box
- Use a “jump start allocation”
- Make your debt payments
By using this system, your debt payments start to build as you pay of your creditors, all of whom have been listed in order of priority. Your capacity to pay off your debt accelerates quicker and it does require you to shave down unnecessary expenses, but not cut out everything you love. In short, it’s realistic - and mighty effective. You simply have to commit to it.
But wait, there’s more to it!
Earlier I mentioned that you can pay off your debt and at the same time actively build your wealth. Remember that Wealth Cycle mentioned earlier? This is where it comes in.
The Wealth Cycle used by millionaires consists of 12 steps:
- Gap Analysis
- Financial Baseline
- Freedom Day
- Debt Management
- Entities
- Cash Machine
- Wealth Account
- Forecasting
- Assets
- Leadership
- Teamwork
- Conditioning
It’s okay if you don’t know what each step means right now. The main thing to understand is that the key to success in using the Wealth Cycle is knowing which steps to take, and in what order.
Everyone’s financial situation will require its own order of sequencing. A wealth mentor can help you determine what’s right for you. For some people, the first step is to develop the proper legal entities for their business and investments so as to maximize tax strategies. For others it may mean first reallocating assets so you can bring in increased monthly income that enables you to start investing. This will in turn bring in passive income which will allow you to pay off your debt quicker.
Here’s an example of when entity structuring might be used first:
Let’s say you have a graphic design business but it’s not incorporated. This means your debt includes a lot of expenses - cell phone, office supplies, postage, etc - that you paid for out of your personal account. If you make your design business an entity, let’s say a “Subchapter S Corporation”, then the portion of your debt that includes those items can now be transferred over as business expenses. Now you can write off that portion of your debt against your income, giving you
more money at the end of the year!
The interesting thing about the Wealth Cycle is, as stated above, that you only focus on debt management after you develop a Cash Machine, the proper Entities, and engage in
forecasting.
Building wealth from a position of great debt takes courage, discipline, and positive energy. I realize this may seem a difficult scenario from which to create wealth, but my hundreds of successful clients prove that getting out of debt and building wealth is very doable. What it takes is a commitment to gaining awareness of your psychology, your finances, and a willingness to let go of old habits that no longer serve you.
Loral Langemeier is the author of The Millionaire Maker. For more information on uncommon wealth buidling strategies visit http://www.liveoutloud.com.
Comments Off
March 28, 2008
There are plenty of people who are in love with their bank books. In life, there will always be extremists.
None so extreme as the ‘Net Worth Nympho’s’, who can check their bank account or investment balances 24/7 via their cell phone, computer, PDA, or absolute worse case scenario ‘telephone banking’!
Technology has permitted the former check book fanatic, to now live, eat, and breathe their finances in millisecond, real time, ESPN style coverage. You may have met this type of person; you might even see them every morning when you are brushing your teeth.
So when does obsessing over ones assets cross the line, between a little excessive compulsive, and truly becoming a behavior that deviates from what society finds acceptable?
Well, first off who cares what society thinks?
What we are talking about here is addiction, plain and simple. Just like a nymphomaniac is addicted to sex, many, many people have become addicted to money.
You would be surprised how many people are out there. The X-Korn guitarist admitted being addicted to money, Millard Fuller the founder of Habitat for Humanity, rapper Chuck D, and even the recent eBay scammer Charles Stergois, sentenced to six years in prison, admitted he was indeed addicted to money.
There is a very clear difference between success and wealth.
Although they often go hand in hand, I think many people get their wires crossed, and allow reality to slip away.
The main stream media certainly hasn’t helped, and advertising today would challenge almost anyone’s psyche to believe we should all be driving Mercedes’ Benz.
Most people can tell the difference between right and wrong, but often in one’s pursuit of success they can start to focus on the wrong things.
You may need help if:
1. Your obsession with money is affecting your work, family life or relationships.
2. You have lost your ability to concentrate, as your thoughts always veer back to your account balances, real estate portfolio or stock account.
3. You spend too much time or money online in search of your financial fix.
4. You are going into too much debt in pursuit of increasing your net worth.
5. Someone close to you tells you there is a problem.
6. You are lying or denying, to your loved ones or yourself, to cover up your financial activities.
If this is you, or someone you know, please seek out expert assistance. In the USA, we would highly recommend visiting a professional like Heiko Ganzer of Money Addicitions of America (www.heiko.com)or someone equally as qualified. In Canada, the Center for Addiction & Mental Health’s website (www.camh.net) is a great start to find help. The internet may be part of the problem, but it also may become the greatest resource to find healing.
So, if it becomes an investment statement, bank account, or real estate portfolio that makes you feel successful, then that is absolutely fantastic. Keep up the great work, and enjoy your wealth to the fullest.
Just don’t forget to focus on the other areas of your life that have been with you through thick and thin.
Consider this… “You can’t take it with you when you’re GONE!”
by Lee Raito, CFP, FMA
Co-Author of Business Sexcess
Business and financial expert Lee Raito is a Certified Financial Planner and Financial Management Advisor. Lee has teamed up with Internet marketing expert Sam Heyer to provide you with information that will take your business success to a place it has definetly never been before. Their controversial book, Business Sexcess, is the much talked about book that will transform how you look at business. For a free Chapter please visit http://www.BusinessSexcess.com/free
Comments Off
March 21, 2008
Entrepreneurs are motivated by a variety of things - a passion for the implementation of their ideas, improving the world we live in, and of course financial reward. The last one is especially of importance as it is the attitude the entrepreneur, especially the young entrepreneur, takes towards financial reward that may determine his or her ultimate state of wealth.
We can all get a bit cocky from time to time, especially when we see ourselves blowing
up and starting make the big times after our businesses start flying. All sorts of
thoughts are going through our heads including the thought of “I’m going to strike it
rich.” However, often times some of us haven’t even seen our businesses get off the
ground and we can already be seen thinking along these lines. This calls for an
extremely dangerous mindset when it comes to our future wealth.
All of a sudden we find ourselves “spending as if.” What do I mean by that? We find
ourselves spending as if we already struck it rich, as if we just got acquired by
Microsoft, or as if we just became the next Myspace. Whereas, we should be investing
as much capital as we can into our ventures, we start to waste money on things that
would be downright detrimental to the business. We start thinking along the lines of
being able to pay off our frivolous purchases after our business blows up.
By spending now and failing to save or invest, we are already setting ourselves up for
destroying any future possibility of real wealth. Of course, this is not to say that all
entrepreneurs start following this line of thought. Entrepreneurs are one of the most
determined, unwavering, and focused individuals I know. This is just to say that it’s
important to keep focused on the end-goal and not get delusional along the way.
Comments Off
March 18, 2008
There are different economic cycles and there are certain investments that do well in a specific economic cycle. The most commonly known business cycle are: recovery, expansion, slowdown and recession. There might be more or different categories that economists use but this will cover the general economic cycle. We will discuss what stocks are good to invest on in a specific economic cycle. While you have to calculate the fair value of a common stock to profit from your investment, it is good to have a head start by analyzing different economic cycles.
Economic Recovery occurs when the gross domestic product (GDP) of an economy has reached a bottom and it is starting to move up. Normally, producers will build up inventory in the expectation of a recovery. Since most economies are driven by consumer demand, this is where the bulk of economic growth comes from. Therefore, companies that do well in a recovery mode is consumer product companies such as Procter & Gamble, Colgate Palmolive, Pepsi and retailers such as Home Depot, Best Buy and the like.
Economic expansion occurs when GDP has started to grow robustly. At this time, companies seeing a recovery will invest more and more capital into long-term assets such as machinery, computers and other capital goods. An ideal stock to invest in this situation is semiconductor companies such as Applied Materials, KLA Tencor or heavy industrial producers such as Du Pont, Caterpillar and 3 M.
Economic Slowdown. Once consumers run out of steam, economic growth will slow. This is characterized with excess inventory in certain retailers and other consumer goods companies. In economic slowdown, the central bank generally lowers interest rate which bodes well for financial companies. Therefore, a good stock to invest at this point is banks such as Citicorp, Bank of America or investment banking such as Goldman Sach, Lehman Brothers and so on.
Recession. This is the dreaded part of an economic cycle. Recession is defined as two or more quarters of a decrease in GDP output. With weaker demand and higher unemployment, consumer will curtail discretionary spending such as buying a house or a car. Instead, they focus on their money on a more important thing such as foods and drugs. Therefore, in a recession, pharma and generic drug makers do well. So does food companies such as Kraft, Sara Lee and the like.
We have just covered the most basic investing know-how for different types of economic cycles. It should be used as a starting point rather than a definitive guide. Determining the fair value of a common stock is still the most important thing to do to profit from any investment. After all, buying a highly overvalued drug stock during recession time may not give you a good investment return.
Get your free investing idea and submit your own articles
with us.
Comments Off
March 11, 2008
The stock markets are at all time highs and just like the last time around when the market was at its previous high every one thinks that nothing can go wrong and there is just one way where the market can go which is UP.
Nothing could be farther from the truth and this will be clear from the way the market behaves in the next few months. Here are a few tips that would hopefully save you from losing a lot of cash in the current frenzy.
Time and again investors have burnt their fingers in the markets and here are some tips to you so that you do not end up burning your fingers in this market.
The number one tip at this point would be to sell if you have stocks and not to buy them if you have cash. The golden principle in the markets is “Buy when everyone else sells and sell when everyone else buys”. Simple enough right? Not really. Why? Because of peer pressure pure and simple. When everyone else around you seems to be having a ball at the markets you would feel like a fool if you didn’t participate now.
OK so you can’t resist buying at this time then at least do yourself a favor and stay away from unknown Penny Stock and hot tips that your barber gave you. True that the stock has tripled in the last fifteen days but that was before people like your barber started buying the stock. Chances are that the Promoter of the company have started buying into the stock and have spread rumors like acquisition or a big export order to fool investors and sell out to them at a later date.
Another tip that would serve useful is to value a stock based on its future growth and not its past performance. For instance many investors say that I will not buy stocks of X company because it has doubled in the last year. Well it may have doubled in the last year but that should not be the thing you should be telling yourself. Rather you should ask yourself why has this doubled in the last year and can it do so again? There should be a solid answer to your question like the launch of a new product or reduction in the prices of raw material. And indeed if the answer is in the positive then by all means go ahead and buy that stock regardless of what has happened in the last year.
Another tip would be to remember what you are buying. Quite simply investors often forget that when buying a stock they are simply buying ownership in the companies. Most of you would know that nothing spectacular would happen in the company that you work for, in a month, they are not going to double their revenues and certainly not double your salary every month. Then why expect anything different from the companies that you are investing in. Why expect the prices to double in a month or two. Give time to your investments; don’t reduce it to a gamble. Only when you invest in fundamentally sound companies and then give the investments sufficient time to grow will you see some healthy returns on your investments. Ideally a minimum horizon of one year is a good time.
Hope these tips will prove helpful and you will make a lot more in the stock markets than you have already been making. Happy Investing!
www.indiamint.com
The author is MBA Finance and is part of the Mint India team. More about Mint is given below:
The Indian stock markets provide an excellent opportunity to diligent investors who are willing to spend time and effort on the stocks that they buy. Money is there to be made by people who are willing to spend time understanding the business model, risks faced and other nuances about the company that they are buying.
Increasingly the investor is becoming more sophisticated and has stopped looking for hot tips and stories about stocks, which can double overnight.
Mint is aimed at people who understand that stock markets are not a gamble but reward investors who work hard understanding the companies that they are buying and then give time to their investments to grow and generate handsome returns.
Mint’s mission is to help such people learn more about the stocks available in the markets, more about macro and micro economic concepts that impact the markets and more about the industry in general to enable the investors to make an informed and profitable decision.
Comments Off
March 8, 2008
Quicken provides powerful investment record-keeping tools for individual investors. Unfortunately, once you step beyond investments like stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, the mechanics can get a little tricky. Here are some tips for handling common investments in Quicken.
Certificate of deposits/b>
If you purchase a certificate of deposit, you can treat it in the same way that you treat a bond purchase. Basically, certificates of deposits, or CDs, are just bonds issued by banks or financial institutions often for a shorter period of time. For example, you can think of a two-year CD as equivalent to a two-year bond.
Zero coupon bonds
If you invest in bonds, you may know that some bonds don’t actually pay periodic interest. Instead, these bonds, called zero coupon bonds, pay their interest when the bond matures. For zero coupon bonds, you need to annually accrue the interest on the bonds. The annual interest needs to be accrued because, by convention, you report the annual increase in the zero coupon bond’s value as interest earned.
To record accrued interest on a zero coupon bond, record bond interest that accrues in the normal way. In other words, whatever amount shows as being accruedthis should appear on the statement from your brokerrecord it as bond interest income.
After you record the bond interest that’s accrued, you need to record a return of capital transaction that adds this accrued interest back to the value of the bond. The amount of this capital transaction, obviously, needs to equal the accrued interest amount. But there is a twist here: You need to specify the return of capital amount as a negative value. For example, if you accrue $100 of interest on a zero coupon bond, you also need to record a return of capital transaction for the bond equal to -$100.
By recording the return of capital transaction, you in effect transfer the bond interest money from the associated cash account and add it back to the zero coupon bond’s value. In this way the associated cash account shows the correct cash balance and the zero-coupon bond shows the correct cost basis. The zero coupon bond’s cash basis equals the original purchase price plus all the accrued interest that’s been recorded to date.
Derivatives
Derivatives are securities that derive their value from some underlying security. For example, an option to sell a stock, called a put, is a derivative. It derives its value from the underlying security. Another derivative is an option to buy a stock, called a call. You can use Money to keep records of derivatives, such as puts and calls you buy.
In general, derivative record-keeping is quite straightforward. If you buy a derivative, say a put or a call, and later sell the derivative, you simply have a normal investment transaction. You treat the purchase and later the sale in the same way that you treat the purchase and sale of any stock. If you make money, you realize a gain. If you lose money, you realize a loss.
If you buy or sell a put or call and hold the option until it expires, things work almost the same way. However, in this special case, you do need to record a Final Sale transaction, and the sales price is zero. Obviously, if you hold a put or call until it expires, you don’t actually sell the derivative. But you need to record a sale transaction to reflect the fact that the option is no longer worth anything.
These are the basic techniques you need to know for put and call record keepingand record keeping for similar derivativesbut there are two special circumstances in which more complicated record keeping is required.
Selling Puts and Calls
If you sell puts and callsnote that the earlier discussion involves you in investing puts and callsyou need to record the option as a regular buy or sell transaction. In other words, if you sell a put and the person to whom you sell it exercises the put, you record this transaction as a regular sales transaction. Similarly, if you sell a call, you record the transaction as a regular buy transaction.
If you sell a put or call option and the option never gets exercised, you record the amount of money the buyer pays you as Other Income.
Exercising Puts and Calls
Typically, individual investors don’t actually exercise puts and calls that they buy. Instead, they simply sell the option back to the broker. However, you might end up exercising a put or call, and in this case, you need to perform special record keeping.
To record the exercise of a put option, record the sale of the put option at a price equal to zero. This zero-value sale is how you record the expiration of the option. After you have recorded the expiration of the option, you record the sale of the stock in the same way that you record the sale of any stock. Remember that a put is an option to sell stock.
To record the exercise of a call option, record the sale of the call option at a price equal to zero. This zero-value price lets you record the expiration of the option. After you have recorded the expiration, you record a regular buy transaction. Remember that a call option is an option to buy a security.
Precious metals and commodities
You can treat investments in gold and other precious metals, gold coins, agricultural items, and other commodities in the same way that you treat shares of stock. Rather than entering a share price, you enter a price per ounce or a price per bushel. And rather than recording a specific number of shares, you enter a specific number of whatever unit of measure is used to describe the commodity. In the case of gold, for example, you might enter the number of ounces. In the case of an agricultural item, you might enter the number of bushels.
You can treat options to buy or sell commodities in the same way that you treat options to buy or sell securities. The earlier discussion on handling call and put options discusses the techniques you use for this record keeping.
Seattle certified public accountant & author Stephen L. Nelson wrote Quicken for Dummies and more than 100 other books as well. Nelson holds an MBA in Finance and an MS in taxation. His web site is http://www.stephenlnelson.com
Comments Off
February 22, 2008
In today’s unpredictable global economy, you obviously never know what is going to happen next. Uncertainties and concerns regarding the Iraqi threat, North Korean crisis, and hidden terrorist cells and networks continue to loom in the back of the minds of consumers. Moreover, the stock markets and industries around the world.
Price inflation is another major concern for everyone. The latest Consumer Price Index (CPI) number released by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics states that prices, in all U.S. cities, are up 0.1% in the month of December for the calendar year of 2002. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a program that produces monthly data on changes in the prices paid by urban consumers for a representative basket of goods and services. Furthermore, the national unemployment rate continues to remain steady at 6.0% for the month of December 2002. Believe it or not, this may not be as bad as it sounds.
Economic theory suggests that an increase in the inflation rate will lead to a decrease in the national unemployment rate. But since the unemployment rate is currently 6.0%, this may also suggest that in order for this rate to eventually decrease, we should expect more inflation in the future. The recent upsurge in oil prices together with precious metals supports this theory and may also be a hint of what’s to come.
Well, it seems that you probably can’t avoid inflation, but there are definitely opportunities that you can take advantage of, in order to keep up with it. One option might be to consider depositing your money into a savings account rather than a money market account. Most major banks are currently yielding an Annual Percentage Yield (APY) that ranges from 0.5% to 0.75%. Even though this is pretty low, it is higher than what most money market accounts are currently offering.
One of the best rates that I have recently seen is ING Direct’s offering of 2.25% APY for their Orange Savings Account. But if these rates are not what you are looking for, consider investing in the stock market. With the latest downturn in the economy, shares are pretty cheap and going fast. There are now many online brokerages that allow consumers to purchase stocks for a small fee. For instance, Sharebuilder lets consumers invest for as little as $4. However, please be wary, this investment option is a greater risk so you should consult with a financial advisor before taking this step.
Whether you choose to put your money in these investment opportunities or not, it is up to you. But just remember that if you don’t, you are actually losing money because the “purchasing power” of your dollar is decreasing as the inflation rate is increasing.
Carlos T. Fernandez is the business columnist for Dominican Times Magazine, a publication that focuses on the hispanic culture and the issues affecting its communities. He is also the publisher of a popular financial planning and management website entitled Building Wealth (http://buildingwealth.blogspot.com).
Comments Off
February 15, 2008
What is a Call Option (Definition)?
A call option is a contract that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying stock at a specific price. If a person is bullish on the stock (expects the stock to rise) in the near term, that person could buy a call option.
Call option contracts have risk to the buyer or holder. If the option is not profitable, the investor could lose all of the money that was paid for the contract. The money is spent is the premium. The premium is the market price for the option, which will change with the market of the underlying stock. If the market rises after a call option is purchased, the premium will rise and the investor will be profitable. The customer could either trade the option back to the market for a profit or they can exercise the option (purchase the stock at the price on the option and then sell it at some point at the going market price).
Trading Call Options
Most option investors trade them for premium gain or loss vs. exercising the options. If an option is bought for $300 and the market on the stock rises, the investor could sell the call option back to the market for a profit at the increased premium.
Risk
Options carry a unique risk. Unlike owning stock, options expire after a certain period. Standardized options have monthly expirations with a maximum duration of 9 months. A person owning a call option that has an expiration 2 months from purchase month, only has that amount of time to close the position - hopefully at a profit. If the position is left open until the expiration date, the call option will expire worthless. The maximum loss for an owner of a call option is the premium paid.
Profit Potential
Since the profit on a call option is based on the increase of the underlying stock, the profit potential is unlimited. The holder has the right to buy the stock at a set price (strike price), so if the market on the stock is 10 points higher than your strike price when you exercise the contract, you can make that 10 points - minus your premium paid. If the market is 30 points higher, you can make 30 points, less you strike price and so on. There is no ceiling to profit.
Hedging and Protection
Call options can be used as protection for existing positions. If you have sold a stock short, a long call option can be used to protect this position. The short sale must be covered, hopefully at a lower price than the short sale itself - that is how you make money on short sales. The loss potential when you sell stock short is unlimited (if the position is not protected). The stock could rise to an unlimited amount, and you may be forced to buy back the stock at an inflated price, thus resulting in a loss. A call option allows the investor to buy back the stock at a fixed strike price. Having a call option against your short protects you. The negative aspect to this is that the premium paid for the option will hurt your overall profit on the short sale.
Short Call Options
Some investors “Sell Calls” or “Short Calls”. The purpose is here is for the option itself to expire. People who short call options collect the premium (vs. the buyers who pay the premium), so if the option expires - the seller will gain that money. The risk with these are enormous, if the option is not covered (you own the underlying stock). If the option is left uncovered or “naked”, the seller can sustain and unlimited loss. The seller or “writer” of call options is obligated to deliver the stock to the call holder at the strike price, if the option is exercised. If the write does not own the stock to perform this obligation, he must go and get it at the market. If the market is significantly higher than the strike price, he can lose that difference.
Covered Calls
The more conservative way to engage in call shorting, is to do them with existing
long stock positions. If a person owns shares at a price, he or she can short a call option the same stock. Doing this allows the person to make the premium, thus lowering his cost. It also covers the option itself, so if the option is exercised - the investor can deliver his own stock and not have to buy a new 100 shares from the market.
Only seasoned investors should engage in options trading. Talk to your broker or advisor to see if they are right for you. “Baby Steps” are the key in the beginning, but once you know your way around, you can put yourself in very profitable situations.
Learn more at www.brokerjobs.com/calloption.htm
Good Luck!
Nick Hunter is the President of American Investment Training (AIT) http://www.aitraining.com - AIT offers securities training and licensing to the brokerage industry.
Comments Off